Married Women Having no Capacity to Contrac an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Married Women Having no Capacity to Contract by Expert Tutor Maya | 09 Dec 2016 The right and issues surrounding women have long been a pursuit to reach equality and freedom. For several years, the role of women has long been a topic for debate towards what they can do and what responsibilities they should own. It has long been in existence. As society gears towards the new millennium, with new ideologies and principle, the state of women, her rights and responsibilities, is tagged as a continuous pursuit. In this paper, we will evaluate the treatment of laws and legality issues towards women. Historically, women are not garnered with the right to execute contract. In terms of equality in legal terms, the married women do not possess the rights to it anymore given the feudal principles that surround a person being a married woman. Need essay sample on "Married Women Having no Capacity to Contract" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists:I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the timeEssay writer professionals suggest: Multitasking Essay HelperEssay Company Write A Paper Online Online Assignment Help Cheap Essay Writing In the past, single women have the right and capacity to make contracts, holds property, or sued and be sued. But married women have dissolved rights to these because of the religious theory that marriage made a man and a woman one, and this equates a general legal disability for women, the law even disregard married women as legal. As a married woman, the husband now is supposed to be the guardian, provider and protector of the woman. In consequence, he becomes the lord and master according to both chancery and common law courts.(Freed) The power of husbands is asserted within the authority of the husbands to govern and have the influence over the live of the married women. At common law, the married woman can not hold contract between her husband, and any other person. The law permits her to bind her properties and equitable assets, but these do not or are bounded to her personally. At common law again, the married woman can not sue or be sued except in cases where the husband is involved. However, in cases wherein equitable estates are involved, the wife alone is sued for equity. This constitutes the merger-of-identity theory. (Freed) The marriage between a man and a woman also entitles the husband to own the married womans personality and possessions, except for jewelries and clothing, when the woman dies. This also is effective towards the personality the woman had become in the marriage. The husband has the power to make choices in actions and he can enforce them willfully. If the husband fails to take possession, the married woman can take the necessary actions she wants. The merger of identity theory also constitutes the idea that the husband has unilateral duty to support his wife and family. The husband is also entitled to his return of profits and investment. Thus, the husband could convey his interest in his wifes property but the wife would then need the consent of his husband to convey her own interest.(Eisenberg) A married womans lack of legal status was allied by Chancery to evolve in as a protection for a married womans personality and profits and rents. This was done by creating an exclusive equity of estate for the woman. Encompassed as a trust, the woman now has the ownership of a separate property in equity belonging and exclusive to her, whether it may be a tangible or intangible property.(Eisenberg) But this trust is limited only through a conveyance by deed or will in which she can make contracts, although enforceable against her personally but might be enforced against her separate estate. During the mid 19th century, the Married Womens property Acts was conceived as a response to the harsh feudalistic principles of the common law. This Act governs that the wives now has capacity to leave and dispose their own property, to contract, sue or be sued. New York in 1848 is the first state to enact the Married Womens Acts. The Acts became the first attempt to emancipate wives from the feudalistic concepts and patriarchal society women thrive in. another law, the Domestic Relations Law entitled property of Married Women provide married women to their rights to own and entitled their property as theirs if the property was their before they got married. The next provision of this law initiates married women the provision by which they have right to own, manage and dispose their own property was their right to economic independence of their properties. But this section does not strip the husbands of their common right law as a tenant and as a consummate if in case his wife dies. Under the same provision, the wife maintains her right to personal property she brought to the marriage and acquired of her own funds, unless they were gifts to the husband. (Freed) The Married Womens property Act of 1848 now became the General Obligations Law that conveys that married women should have the right to legalities as if she was unmarried, including making contracts and respect to property, acquisition, use and enjoyments of what is hers. Compared to the common law which restrict married women to contracts and her contracts being not honored in the courts, these provisions now have the same power to contract as a single woman. Needless to say, all statutes disabling married women to rights to make contracts, own property and other such rights is answered by the pursuit to elevate the rights and role of women. Any violation of such right by a womans husband or anybody else is unconstitutional. The provisions of the laws and acts that concern the rights of married women to be treated as a single woman when in terms of their properties and right to contract serves as the legal basis in which acts that violates them are unconstitutional and women can express their desire to do action on it. As a stand, society have this impression that women are now garnered with equality the same with men. But that is not the case. As mentioned, the feudalistic concepts and the influential patriarchal society the women thrives in is a major factor why women still have insufficient rights and freedom. Although there are already laws and acts protecting rights of women, some states do not agree with them and as part of their right to impose their common laws, has continued the inequality shown towards women. A single woman even has the slight advantage over married women because married women are bounded by the contract of marriage and the stance of their husbands. But as a stand, I would like to address that inequality between genders still exists. The laws and acts provided by several states are not sufficient to give married women, and in general women, their own rights and freedom as members of the society. Women are seen as an inactive participant in the process of change within a society but that is not the case. The role of women in the society, especially married women who raise family, is still being undermined in a society which promised freedom for all and equality of mankind. The fact that married women have the provisions protecting them, there is more changes to be look upon, and improvements that can enhance the welfare and stand of women in the society. Reference: Eisenberg, B., Ruthsdotter, M. "Living the Legacy: The Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998". Santa Rosa, CA, 1998. The National Women's History project. March 8 2007. Freed, D., Brandes, J. and Weidman, C. "Law and the Family: Married Women Rights." New York Law Journal (1991). Anonymous. "Married Women's Act of 1957". March 8 2007. . WpL. "The Women's Family Code". 2007. Women's Learning partnership. March 8 2007. http://www.learningpartnership.org/>.

How Do I Answer SAT Sentence Completion Questions Without Knowing Vocabulary

How Do I Answer SAT Sentence Completion Questions Without Knowing Vocabulary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Imagine you’re taking the SAT Critical Reading, when all of a sudden you come across a sentence completion question that completely stumps you. What are strategies you can use to help with this situation, and what are some ways to avoid this situation altogether? The College Board’s advice is helpful, but only goes so far. Keep reading for solutions to this issue. I'll go over ways to avoid sentence completion questions entirely, common wisdom advice, and what I think really works. NOTE: This article discusses a type of question that no longer appears on the SAT. For more information about what is included in the SAT Reading section, read this article.

The Worlds 17 Smallest Countries

The World's 17 Smallest Countries The 17 smallest countries in the world each contain less than 200 square miles in area, and if you were to combine them, their total size would be just a bit larger than that of the state of Rhode Island. These independent nations range in size from 108 acres (a good sized shopping mall) to just over 191 square miles. From Vatican City to Palau, these small countries have maintained their independence and established themselves as contributors to the worlds economy, politics, and even human rights initiatives. All but one of these countries are full-fledged members of the United Nations and the one outlier is a nonmember by choice, not by inability. This list includes the worlds tiniest countries, from smallest to largest. Vatican City: 0.2 Square Mile Of these 17 smallest countries in the world, Vatican City- which in fact is the smallest country in the world- is perhaps the most influential in terms of religion: It serves as the spiritual center of the Roman Catholic church and home of the Pope. Vatican City, officially called The Holy See, is located within a walled area of the Italian capital city of Rome. Vatican City has a population of about 800 citizens, none of whom is a native permanent resident. Many more commute into the country for work. Vatican City officially came into existence in 1929 after the Lateran Treaty with Italy. Its government type is ecclesiastical and its chief of state is, actually, the Pope. Vatican City is not a member of the United Nations by its own choice. Monaco: 0.77 Square Mile Monaco, the worlds second smallest country, is located between southeastern France and the Mediterranean Sea. The country has only one official city, Monte Carlo, which is its capital and is famous as being a resort area for some of the worlds richest people. Monaco is also famous due to its location on the French Riviera, its casino (the Monte Carlo Casino), several smaller beaches, and resort communities- all squeezed into less than one square mile. Nauru: 8.5 Square Miles Nauru is a very small island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean in the region of Oceania. Nauru is the worlds smallest island country at an area of just 8.5 square miles. Naurus population is about 11,000 people. The country is known for its prosperous phosphate mining operations in the early 20th century. Nauru became independent from Australia in 1968 and was formerly known as Pleasant Island. Nauru has no official capital city. Tuvalu: 10 Square Miles Six of the nine islands or atolls comprising Tuvalu have lagoons open to the ocean, while two have significant non-beach land regions and one has no lagoons. In addition, none of the islands has any streams or rivers and because they are coral atolls, there is no drinkable ground water. Therefore, all of the water used by Tuvalus people is gathered via catchment systems and is kept in storage facilities. Tuvalu has a population of about 12,000, 96 percent of whom are Polynesian. This small countrys capital is Funafuti, which is also Tuvalus largest city. Its official languages are Tuvaluan and English. San Marino: 24 Square Miles San Marino is landlocked, completely surrounded by Italy. It is located on Mt. Titano in north-central Italy and is home to 32,000 residents. The country claims to be the oldest state in Europe, having been founded in the fourth century. San Marinos topography mainly consists of rugged mountains, and its highest elevation is Monte Titano at 2,477 feet. The lowest point in San Marino is Torrente Ausa at 180 feet. Liechtenstein: 62 Square Miles European Liechtenstein, doubly landlocked between Switzerland and Austria in the Alps, is merely 62 square miles in area. This microstate of about 36,000 is located on the Rhine River and became an independent country in 1806. The country abolished its army in 1868 and remained neutral and undamaged during World War I and World War II. Liechtenstein is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, but the prime minister runs its day-to-day affairs. Marshall Islands: 70 Square Miles The Marshall Islands, the worlds seventh smallest country, consists of 29 coral atolls and five main islands spread out over 750,000 square miles of the Pacific Ocean. The Marshall Islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia. The islands are also near the equator and the International Date Line. This small country with a population 68,000 gained independence in 1986; it was formerly part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands, administered by the United States. Saint Kitts and Nevis: 104  Square Miles At 104 square miles (slightly smaller than the city of Fresno, California), Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Caribbean island country of 50,000 residents that gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1983. Of the two primary islands that make up Saint Kitts and Nevis, Nevis is the smaller of the two and is guaranteed the right to secede from the union. Saint Kitts and Nevis, located in the Caribbean Sea between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago, is the smallest country in the Americas based on its area and population. Seychelles: 107  Square Miles Seychelles is 107 square miles (just smaller than Yuma, Arizona). The 88,000 residents of this Indian Ocean island group have been independent of the United Kingdom since 1976. It is located northeast of Madagascar and about 932 miles east of mainland Africa. Seychelles is an archipelago with over 100 tropical islands and is the smallest country that is considered part of Africa. Seychelles capital and largest city is Victoria. Maldives: 115  Square Miles The Maldives is 115 square miles in area, slightly smaller than the city limits of Little Rock, Arkansas. However, only 200 of the 1000 Indian Ocean islands which make up this country are occupied. The Maldives is home to about 400,000 residents. The Maldives gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1965. Currently, the main concern for the islands is climate change and rising sea levels since the countrys highest point is only 7.8 feet above sea level. Malta: 122  Square Miles Malta, officially called the Republic of Malta, is an island nation located in southern Europe. Malta is one of the worlds smallest and most densely populated countries with a population of over 475,000. The archipelago making up Malta is located in the  Mediterranean Sea  about 58 miles south of the island of Sicily and 55 miles east of  Tunisia. Its capital is Valletta, and the countrys highest point is TaDmerjrek, located on the Dingli Cliffs, which tops out at just 830 feet. Grenada: 133  Square Miles The island nation of Grenada features the volcanic Mount St. Catherine. Nearby, underwater and to the north, lie the playfully named volcanoes  Kick Em Jenny and Kick Em Jack.  Grenada, whose population is about 107,000, has a capital named Saint Georges. After the overthrown and execution of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop in 1983, which led to the installation of a pro-communist government, U.S. forces invaded and captured the island. After U.S. forces withdrew in late 1983, elections were held in 1984 and Grenadas constitution was restored. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 150  Square Miles St. Vincent is known for its pristine coastline, which provided an authentic colonial backdrop for the filming  of Pirates of the Caribbean.The country is located between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago. Most of the residents of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, whose capital is Kingstown, are Anglican, Methodist, and Roman Catholic. The countrys currency is the Eastern Caribbean dollar, which is fixed to the U.S. dollar. Barbados: 166  Square Miles Barbados is not a sleepy Carribean island. The island nations vibrant culture is expressed in its lively Bajan  festivals,  nightlife, and friendly people. Barbados is located in the easternmost section of the Caribbean islands, in the West Indies north of Venezuela. Its capital is Bridgetown, and its 286,000 residents speak English and are mainly Protestant or Roman Catholic. The countrys currency is officially the Barbadian Dollar, but the U.S. dollar widely accepted. Antigua and Barbuda: 171  Square Miles Antigua and Barbuda, a British Commonwealth, is nicknamed the Land of 365 Beaches and maintains a​  very low crime rate. The country is also located in the  Eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital is St. Johns, and its nearly 101,000 residents speak English, the official language, as well as Antiguan Creole. The residents are mainly Anglican, followed by Roman Catholic and other Protestant denominations. Antigua and Barbudas currency is also the Eastern Caribbean dollar. Andorra: 180  Square Miles The independent Principality of Andorra is co-governed by the president of France and Spains Bishop of Urgel. With just over 70,000 people, this mountainous tourist destination tucked in the Pyrenees between France and Spain has been independent since 1278 but serves as a testament to multinationalism celebrated throughout the European Union. Palau: 191 Square Miles Palau is known as a mecca for divers, who say its waters are some of the planets best. This republic is made up of 340 islands, but only nine are inhabited. The country was featured a few years ago on a season of the television show Survivor. Palau has been independent since 1994 and is home to about 21,500 residents, two-thirds of whom live in and around the capital Koror. The country also offers forests, waterfalls,  and beautiful beaches.

Ways in which contemporary art history engages with issues of Essay

Ways in which contemporary art history engages with issues of difference in class, power, culture, etc - Essay Example The paper "Ways in which contemporary art history engages with issues of difference in class, power, culture, etc" discovers the history of contemporary art and the issues it engages. Class has developed a number of issues when it comes to art. A class is a category of individuals having some properties in common differentiated from others by kind or quality. It means people that have been bound by similar setting different from others giving them a distinct difference from others and collectively showing similar behaviours also inclusive of their social status. In this light, a class can include religious class, social class and also a political class. In recent past, religious class grasps to ideas that favour their mannerism and whatsoever most of them would be conservative of their ways. Art mostly includes creatively displaying imaginative ideas that, for instance, may involve drawing, carving or coming up with expressions such as nude figures or distorted ones that would collid e with the values of a class engulfed in religion. Truly enough, a state entitled or having a Muslim or a Christian following would largely condemn art involving nude figures as it seems to be a violation of their religious exposure. A class that is more influential would favour or hamper art development as they would have the final say to nail the idea or exalt the idea. The political class would be cautious to tread in the ways of their subjects especially in a society that practices democratic election.

Marketing Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Audit - Essay Example This paper will look at three components of the marketing audit namely marketing environment, marketing strategy and SWOT analysis. The marketing environment of a business organization can be classified into the macroenvironment and task environment. While the macroenvironment deals with the larger external environment of the company, the task environment looks at the direct stakeholders. The company's macroenvironment is comprised of the demographic, economic, environmental, technological, political, and cultural factors which directly affects its operation. Business organizations need to know the major demographic trends and developments which pose threats and opportunities to them as well as their specific response to these factors. The effects of economic variables such as price, income, savings and credit in the operation of business organizations should also be ascertained. ... Lastly, cultural factors like lifestyle and values must be evaluated to create products and services which are more preferred by customers (Kotler 2003). The task environment is comprised of the companies' stakeholders like suppliers, distribution channels, customers, competitors, customers, facilitators and marketing firms, markets, and publics. An evaluation of the task environment gives the business organization an idea of its position in the market (Kotler 2003). Marketing Strategy The evaluation of the company's marketing strategy start with the identification of the broader business mission and marketing objectives and goals. The main focus of this analysis is to determine whether the strategy is in line with where the company wants to be and what it wants to achieve. In evaluating the company's business mission, managers ascertain whether their stated mission is market-oriented. Market orientation is now imperative due to the evolving hypercompetitive marketing environment which gives higher buying leverage to customers. Next, the company also needs to verify that the company's stated business mission is feasible, that is, the company has the adequate and appropriate resources to achieve this position (Kotler 2003). Next, the company reviews its specific marketing objectives and goals making sure that they are smart-specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely. Managers also ensure that the marketing objectives are appropriate given the company's position, resources, and opportunities. Lastly, the company turns to its marketing strategy taking note if it is really effective in achieving the stated goals and objectives. The company's marketing strategy is often relayed through its marketing

Tool Of The Trade :: essays research papers

Tool of the Trade In any game, the equipment players use determines the way the game unfolds. Try to imagine a soccer game played with an American football! Or try playing tennis with the wooden racquets of thirty years ago. Change the equipment, and you discover a very different game. As part of my look at baseball, I decided to examine the tool of the baseball trade: Bats. Perhaps the most crucial and visible tool in baseball is the bat. A bat is the offensive weapon, the tool with which runs are scored. To understand the history and science of bats, I read a magazine published by Louisville Slugger, in Louisville, Kentucky home of the Hillerich & Bradsby Company, Inc. (also known as H&B), the manufacturers of perhaps America's most famous bat, the Louisville Slugger. Through the reading I learned how the modern bat came to be, and what it might become. In 1884, John Andrew "Bud" Hillerich played hooky from his father's woodworking shop and went to a baseball game. There he watched a star player, Pete "The Old Gladiator" Browning, struggling in a batting slump. After the game, Hillerich invited Browning back to the shop, where they picked out a piece of white ash, and Hillerich began making a bat. They worked late into the night, with Browning giving advice and taking practice swings from time to time. What happened next is legend. The next day, Browning went three-for-three, and soon the new bat was in demand across the league. H&B flourished from there. First called the Falls City Slugger, the new bat was called the Louisville Slugger by 1894. Though Hillerich's father thought bats were an insignificant item, and preferred to continue making more dependable items like bedposts and bowling pins, bats became a rapidly growing part of the family business. Just as it was back then, the classic Louisville Slugger bat used by today's professional players is made from white ash. The wood is specially selected from forests in Pennsylvania and New York. The trees they use must be at least fifty years old before they are harvested. After harvest, the wood is dried for six to eight months to a precise moisture level. The best quality wood is selected for pro bats; the other 90 percent is used for consumer market bats. White ash is used for its combination of hardness, strength, weight, "feel," and durability. In past years, H&B have made some bats out of hickory.

Humans Cause Global Warming Essay

Today we are debating the important topic of global warming. As the affirmative team, we strongly believe that global warming is caused by the actions of humans. But this is not just a belief, this is a fact. Global warming, by definition, is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants. The greenhouse effect is the trapping of the sun’s warmth in a planet’s lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet’s surface. In simpler terms, this means that the pollution emitted from the earth, such as the gasses from factories, cars etc. enter the atmosphere and the co2 from these gases absorb the heat from the sun and intern warms the climate. The pollution or carbon dioxide enter the Earth’s atmosphere and absorb heat from the sun, heating the environment, therefore an increase in co2 means an increase in heat, this resulting in bigger problem for global warming. The main producer of this pollution and greenhouse gases are ofcourse humans, our environment and climate are the ones that have to pay for the humanly actions causing global warming. Scientists have determined that a number of human activities are contributing to global warming by adding excessive amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. These gases such as carbon dioxide (co2) accummulate in the atmosphere and trap heat that normally would exit into outer space. The main source of excess greenhouse gases is the human use of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels to generate energy for example driving cars, using electricity from coal-fired power plants, or heating homes with oil or natural gas, humans release carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. Over 100 years ago the co2 level was 35% less than it is currently and since the beginning of the industrial revelution, has been increasing gradually. Nowadays modern society is producing more co2 and other gases than ever before, this being the result of the economic problem, with humans having unlimited wants and needs that can only be produced in a way that influences global warming. (Figure 1) Another significant source of greenhouse gases is deforestation, this is because fewer trees means less carbon dioxide conversion to oxygen. (Figure 2)Deforestation in rainforests add more co2 to the atmosphere than the sum total of most vehicles on roads. In fact 25-30%,of the gases released into the atmosphere each year is a result of deforestation. The reason that logging is so bad for the climate is that when trees, which are 50 percent carbon, are burned or felled they release the carbon they are storing into the air, where it mingles with greenhouse gases from other sources and contributes to global warming. As humans, we do not take our actions into precaution and many of us act before thinking. This is the same situation with global warming and because of this, the result is negative. Global warming affects not only our climate but the environment and air mankind needs for survival, however how can us humans survive when we are the ones destroying our planet and risking our own lives. Greenhouse gases can stay in the atmosphere for an amount of years ranging from decades to hundreds or thousands of years. No matter what we do, global warming is going to have some effect on Earth. These effects range from diseases and economic consquences to different types of hazzards. (Figure 3) Floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, they are all weathering patterns that are directly altered by the differences in temperature. Most of them are occuring due to high sea level or heavy rainfall. This was seen in 2004 and 2005. (Figure 4) It can be a devastating shock for crops and other agriculture, and also bring death and injury to humans and animals through accidents, hypothermia and starvation. It may seem illogical at first to attribute harsher cold weather to global warming, but a change in atmospheric patterns brought about by receding glacial ice can lead to the redirection of polar air currents and the sun’s rays being absorbed by the larger areas of dark blue sea. However this process can also be reversed to achieve opposite results. (Figure 5) Some areas suffer serious droughts and heat waves and the severity of these hazzards are increasing by large numbers. Countries such as Africa and India recieve the worst of these affects, since water is already a dangerous rare essential. (Figure 6) As the planet continues to become warmer and warmer as global warming increases and the dry lands that are already susceptible to wildfires are likely to be ravaged by even more frequent and destructive episodes. In 2007, more than 3,000 fires brought destruction to Southeastern Europe thanks to a long summer that created arid and parched conditions, a situation that would become normal as a consequence of the greenhouse effect. As countries warm, disease carrying insects migrate, bringing their diseases with them. Climate greatly influences some of the most deadly and widespread diseases currently affecting millions of people across the world with the spread of diseases like Malaria, West Nile virus and Dengue fever to parts of the planet. With greatly reduced rainfall, more severe droughts and loss of soil fertility, food and water supplies would soon diminish, resulting in higher prices, famine, disease, malnutrition, starvation and, ultimately, death. These effects spell one thing for the countries of the world: economic consequences. Hazzards cause billions of dollars in damage, diseases cost money to treat and control and conflicts aggravate all of these. There is simply no other mechanism that can explain the significantly altered climate path and the changes in the radiative forcing other than human causes. Animals are a major source that are affected by the influences of global warming, some not only lose their habitat and homes, but also suffer in the drastic measures that humans have put them up against. Animals such as polar bears and penguins are the most obvious evidence of consequences of having warmer climates. (Figure 7) They and other animals that are dependent on cold enviornments retreat to more northerly locations as the planet heats up, leading to encroachment upon other eco-systems and displacement of other animals from their natural habitat. Animals that are driven from their natural habitats or normal migration routes by environmental factors could easily come into contact with human settlements, leading to many deaths among humans and already endangered animals. (Figure 8) The world’s oceans absorb roughly 30% of all carbon dioxide that seeps into the atmosphere, and so inevitably, as more gases are released, ocean life will continue to suffer the negative consequences placed upon them by human actions.